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Energy commodities can be traded. You can trade gasoline, natural gas and even heating oil commodities. Energy is a broad term which can mean any commodity that is used as power. You’ll be able to trade in the same oil that powers your home’s heating, gasoline for automobiles and any other form of energy. […]
Functions of cement – Restriction of fluid movement between permeable zones – Provision of mechanical support of the casing string – Protection of casing from corrosion – Support of the well-bore walls to prevent collapse of formations The manufacture and composition of cement – Raw material from calcareous and argillaceous rocks (limestone, clay, shale […]
Gasoline Gasoline (also referred to as motor gasoline, petrol in Britain, benzine in Europe) is a mixture of volatile, flammable liquid hydrocarbons derived from petroleum that is used as fuel for internal combustion engines such as occur in motor vehicles, excluding aircraft The boiling range of motor gasoline falls between –1°C (30°F) and 216°C (421°F) and has […]
The major steps in pipeline system design involve establishment of critical pipeline performance objectives and critical engineering design parameters such as: • Required throughput (volume per unit time for most petroleum products; pounds per unit time for petrochemical feedstocks); • Origin and destination points; •Product properties such as viscosity and specific gravity; •Topography of pipeline […]
Figure 1 shows the basic components of a centrifugal compressor. Impellers are mounted on a horizontal shaft. They are the primary rotating elements that impart velocity to the gas. Impellers are also called wheels. Diffusers are stationary elements mounted in the compressor casing. There is one diffuser downstream of each impeller. The diffuser converts velocity to […]
Porosity Porosity is the fraction of the total volume of the rock that is pore (non rock) space or void and not made of solid pieces of the formation. It will be filled with a gas, water or hydrocarbon or two or more at the same time. Porosity will range from a high […]
GENERAL In industrial piping, the control of flow is very important. Mechanical devices used for flow control are called valves. The principal functions of valves are: · Starting and Stopping Flow · Regulating or Throttling Flow · Preventing Back Flow · Regulating Pressure · Relieving Pressure Steel valves are classified by nominal pipe […]
تاريخ انتاج النفط في العراق عقيل الشويلي تعود محاولات انتاج النفط في العراق الى القرن التاسع عشر حيث كان الالمان هم اول من حاول استكشاف النفط في العراق في الفترة (1860-1880) حيث استقدمهم والي بغداد العثماني مدحت باشا وقاموا بإنشاء مصفى في بعقوبة لتصفية النفط المستخرج من مندلي وفي عام 1882قام السلطان […]
ادارة الحقول النفطية المهندس عقيل الشويلي تعتبر عملية استثمار الحقول النفطية من ضمن عمليات الانتاج التي تتضمن عدة نقاط جوهرية يجب ان يدركها العاملين في هذا القطاع اهمها : اولا : كيف يتم الانتاج ؟ وماهي الخطوات العملية للانتاج .؟ ثانيا : ماهي الكمية والنوع للمنتج ؟ ثالثا : لمن الانتاج ..؟ من الذي سيجني ثمار […]
Emulsion-Treating Methods An emulsion-treating unit or system will use one or more of the methods to aid in destabilizing, coalescence, and/or gravity separation. Each of these treating methods is discussed separately below. Heating. Using heat to treat crude-oil emulsions has four basic benefits: Heat reduces the viscosity of the oil, which allows the water droplets to collide […]
Most of the world’s oil reservoirs now produce a mixture of oil and water. The liquids are subjected to shear forces through pumps or other lifting methods, or are sheared as they pass through pressure-reducing devices in the production line. The shear forces disperse one liquid into the other with variations in drop size and […]
