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Introduction This article impacts on human health caused by exposure to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) associated with crude oil and natural gas development. It begins with a brief background on hydrogen sulfide, its presence in oil and natural gas, and possible emission sources from various oil and gas operations. epidemiology, and industrial health publications, as well as […]
Consequences of sand production: • Wellbore fill. • Equipment problems due to sand fill. • Sand erosion of downhole and surface equipment. • Sand accumulation on surface and Sand Disposal. • Production Loss. • Casing / Liner Collapse. Forces Aiding in Resisting Sand Production: • Intergranular frictional forces and bonding (cementing) help resist grain movement • Capillary […]
