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A natural gas is called sweet gas if it has no sour components such as H2S, CO2, mercaptans, but is almost exclusively composed of methane, low amounts of ethane, propane, inert gases (N2) and traces of heavier hydrocarbons. It is generally saturated in water at reservoir temperature and pressure. A natural gas is usually defined as […]
الاحتیاطي النفطي : یشكل الاحتیاطي النفطي جزءا من حجم النفط المخزون في الارض والذي یمكن استخلاصه بالوسائل التقنیة المعروفة . یعتمد الاحتیاطي النفطي على عدة عوامل منھا : قوى الدفع المكمنیة السائدة ، وطرق الانتاج المعتمدة ، والخواص الكیمیاویة والفیزیاویة للصخور ، والسوائل المكمنیة ، وضغط المكامن وغیرھا . ولذلك فالاحتیاطي یتغیرمع الزمن وحسب الظروف التقنیة والاقتصادیة السائدة ومدى […]
Natural gas is a mixture of methane, with lower amounts of other hydrocarbons and other substances. These other constituents modify the physical and chemical characteristics of natural gas, for example, inert gases make the natural gas heating value lower. The substances that can be in natural gas are: • Carbon dioxide • Nitrogen • Hydrogen […]
Corrosion Corrosion is defined as the destructive attack of a metal by the environment, by chemical or by electrochemical processes (as contrasted with mechanical means such as the erosion of a metal structure by sand in the desert). Corrosion includes conjoint mechanical and chemical action to produce early failure of a load-carrying metal structure, eg. […]
Petroleum reservoirs exist in many different sizes and shapes of geologic structures. It is usually convenient to classify the reservoirs according to the conditions of their formation as follows: 1. Dome-Shaped and Anticline Reservoirs: These reservoirs are formed by the folding of the rock layers as shown in Figure 1. The dome is circular in outline, and the […]
Drilling Fluids To properly control the hole cleaning, suspension, and filtration properties of a drilling fluid, testing of the fluid properties is done on a daily basis. Most tests are conducted at the rig site, and procedures are set forth in the API RPB13B. Testing of water-based fluids and nonaqueous fluids can be similar, but variations of […]
تقنیات الرفع الإصطناعي للنفط Artificial Lift Techniques for Oil عبد الوهاب الشیخ قادر – خبیر المقدمة یستمر الإنتاج من الآبار المحفورة في الحقول النفطیة ذات القوة الدافعة الطبیعیة العالیة طالما یبقى الضغط المكمني بمستویات تفوق الضغط المسلَّط على نقطة دخول الموائع من المكمن إلى البئر. و لكن ذلك لن یدوم بسبب الهبوط الإعتیادي للضغط نتیجة سحب النفط من […]
How to plan for an Oil Well? Drilling optimization requires detailed engineering in all aspects of oil well planning, drilling implementation, and post-run evaluation Effective well planning optimizes the boundaries, concstraints, learning, nonproductive time, and limits and uses new technologies as well as tried and true methods. Use of decision support packages, which document the reasoning behind the decision-making, is […]
why crude oil is stabilized? Once degassed and dehydrated–desalted, crude oil is pumped to gathering facilities to be stored in storage tanks. However, if there are any dissolved gases that belong to the light or the intermediate hydrocarbon groups it will be necessary to remove these gases along with hydrogen sulfide (if present in the crude) before oil […]
what is Naphtha Naphtha is a liquid petroleum product that boils from about 30°C (86°F) to approximately 200°C (392°F), although there are different grades of naphtha within this extensive boiling range that have different boiling ranges . The term petroleum solvent is often used synonymously with naphtha. On a chemical basis, naphtha is difficult to define precisely because it can contain […]
what is Acidizing Much of the worlds oil and gas comes from limestone (CaCO3) and dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) formations, either in their relatively pure form or in the form of carbonate or siliceous sands cemented together with calcareous materials (CaCO3). Dolomites are similar to limestones with the exception that they generally react more slowly with hydrochloric acid. The primary […]
Acid Types Although many acid compounds are available to the oil industry, only the following types have been proven economically effective in oil well stimulation: Inorganic Acids (Strong). · Hydrochloric Acid (HCl). · Hydrofluoric Acid (HCl:HF). Other inorganic acids include Sulphamic, Sulphuric and Nitric acids. Organic Acids (Weak). · Acetic Acid and Glacial Acetic […]
